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The trial would make history being the first of its kind with judges from four countries. Hitler was the first dictator of Germany but he was not the last.
Nuremberg, Germany was chosen as the location of the trials for being a focal point of Nazi propaganda rallies leading up to the war. The Allies wanted Nuremberg to symbolize the death of Nazi Germany. The court convened in the Palace of Justice in Nuremberg that was previously expanded by German prisoners to fit up to 1, detainees.
The jurisdiction of the Tribunal included crimes against peace, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. The IMT defined crimes against humanity as "murder, extermination, enslavement, deportation The indictment was read on November 20, with 21 defendants appearing in court. Between November 20, to October 1, , the Tribunal tried 24 of the most important military and political leaders of the Third Reich and heard evidence against 21 of the defendants. During the trial, the Tribunal—and the world—learned about the the Nazi Party and its "planning, initiating and waging of aggressive war" from the beginning.
Footage of Nazi concentration camps taken by Allied military photographers during liberation was shown to the court. The graphic scenes of what had taken place in Europe were the most powerful evidence presented at the trial.
Other memorable moments of the trial were the screenings of the Nazi Concentration and Prison Camps and The Nazi Plan films , the detailed description of the Final Solution, the murders of prisoners of war, atrocities in extermination camps, and countless cruel acts to prosecute Jews. On October 1, , the Tribunal convicted 19 of the defendants and acquitted three.
Of those convicted, 12 were sentenced to death. Three defendants were sentenced to life imprisonment and four to prison terms ranging from 10 to 20 years. On October 16, executions were carried out by hanging in the gymnasium of the courthouse. Jackson accepted the offer but was adamant that the proceedings not be a show trial. This is a little too sanctimonious a fraud to meet my old-fashioned ideas.
Reporters dash from the courtroom with the verdicts. Of the 24 high-ranking Nazis who stood trial for war crimes before the international tribunal, 12 were sentenced to death by hanging, including Martin Bormann, the personal secretary to Nazi leader Adolf Hitler who is now believed to have committed suicide in May , in absentia.
The highest-ranking Nazi to survive the war, Gestapo founder and Luftwaffe commander-in-chief Hermann Goering took his own life on the night of October 15, , just hours before his scheduled execution. Dressed in silk pajamas, the man instrumental in ordering the Holocaust cheated the noose by ingesting a small glass capsule of potassium cyanide that he had smuggled into prison.
In the early morning hours of October 16, , the Nazi war criminals were hanged one-by-one from a scaffolding erected in a prison gymnasium. The executions, which took nearly two hours to complete, were administered by the U.
The U. Army denied the report. While the trial of the 24 high-ranking Nazi leaders before the international tribunal was the most notable of the judicial proceedings held at Nuremberg, 12 additional trials occurred there between and Growing differences among the Allies as the Cold War began caused the subsequent trials to be conducted before U. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us!
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